Dry Mouth and Taste

By Kiara Hallinan

You wake up dehydrated. Lips smacking. In search of that tall glass of water perched precariously on your nightstand for this exact moment. A couple swigs cures the desert biome that inhabits your mouth now that you spent the first half of the night snoring with your mouth open. There’s nothing quite like quenching that thirst and hitting the hay for a second round.

For 1 in 5 adults, their dry mouth is persistent. Incurable with a simple midnight chug. Xerostomia is an affliction that is associated with aging due to atrophy of the salivary glands. This persistent dry mouth is exacerbated further by some medications, cancer therapy, and nerve damage. Desiccation in the mouth can coincide with halitosis, sore throat or hoarseness, grooved tongue and stringy saliva. These symptoms often aid dental professionals in diagnosis.

Sicca, “dry” in Latin, is a term that groups together dry mouth and eyes, symptoms most commonly associated with Sjogren's syndrome. About 80% of those afflicted with this autoimmune disease find themselves experiencing sicca symptoms. Others may experience facial weakness that meets necessary diagnostic criteria. is most commonly associated with women over 40 who have other rheumatic disorders such as lupus and arthritis. Sjogren’s syndrome in particular has led to individuals facing reduced salivary flow rates due to inflammation of the salivary glands at the hands of one’s own immune system.

No matter the origin of one’s dry mouth, those facing hypoactive salivary glands should be made aware of the potential complications of such disorders. Saliva is extremely important for the health of one’s gums and teeth, as it helps maintain an optimal environment that keeps bacteria at bay. Salivary gland dysfunction can cause dental cavities, mouth sores, and oral thrush. Eating can be impacted by the mechanical difficulties associated with chewing and swallowing without the aid of adequate saliva. Taste perception can be affected, too, as it is aided by saliva’s presence. 

Treatments can range from very simple to more complex. On the more manageable end of the spectrum one can use salivary stimulants such as sugarfree gum and lozenges (Sorbitol), or artificial saliva products (Biotene). For individuals whose dry mouth is a side effect of medication, decreasing the dosage if possible, can help. Limiting the use of alcohol and drugs, such as tobacco and marijuana, and drinking plenty of water can have huge benefits to one’s oral health. 

For those with more complicated health concerns, such as Sjogren's, managing symptoms can be the first step. Due to the systemwide nature of the syndrome, medications such as pilocarpine and cevimeline can increase saliva production, while methotrexate can suppress the immune system. Make sure to speak to a healthcare professional if you find yourself experiencing dry mouth often to avoid further complications.